Three Key Restrictions Limit the Design Space of the Lyophilization Process:
Choked flow regime, which is limited by the performance of the freeze-dryer.
- Previous methods provided only average values, but did not determine variance from a large number of samples of measured values. As a result, the design space typically relies on safety margins based on experience and guesswork.
- The freeze-dryers are underutilized, and there’s a lack of quality control for these margins.
- Determination of the process parameters by AI for optimized freeze-dryer performance

The design space of the freeze-drying process. Simplified depiction of a design space – a multidimensional representation of equipment capability limit and product knowledge